| Symbol | Name | Royal Thai | IPA | Class | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial | Final | Initial | Final | Class | ||
| ko kai (chicken) | k | k | k | k | M | |
| kho khai (egg) | kh | k | kʰ | k | H | |
| kho khuat (bottle) [obsolete] | kh | k | kʰ | k | H | |
| kho khwai (water buffalo) | kh | k | kʰ | k | L | |
| kho khon (person) [obsolete] | kh | k | kʰ | k | L | |
| kho ra-khang (bell) | kh | k | kʰ | k | L | |
| ngo ngu (snake) | ng | ng | ŋ | ŋ | L | |
| cho chan (plate) | ch | t | tɕ | t | M | |
| cho ching (cymbals) | ch | - | tɕʰ | - | H | |
| cho chang (elephant) | ch | t | tɕʰ | t | L | |
| so so (chain) | s | t | s | t | L | |
| cho choe (bush) | ch | - | tɕʰ | - | L | |
| yo ying (woman) | y | n | j | n | L | |
| do cha-da (headdress) | d | t | d | t | M | |
| to pa-tak (goad) | t | t | t | t | M | |
| tho san-than (base) | th | t | tʰ | t | H | |
| tho nangmon-tho (dancer) | th | t | tʰ | t | L | |
| tho phu-thao (old person) | th | t | tʰ | t | L | |
| no nen (novice monk) | n | n | n | n | L | |
| do dek (child) | d | t | d | t | M | |
| to tao (turtle) | t | t | t | t | M | |
| tho thung (sack) | th | t | tʰ | t | H | |
| tho thahan (soldier) | th | t | tʰ | t | L | |
| tho thong (flag) | th | t | tʰ | t | L | |
| no nu (mouse) | n | n | n | n | L | |
| bo baimai (leaf) | b | p | b | p | M | |
| po plaa (fish) | p | p | p | p | M | |
| pho phueng (bee) | ph | - | pʰ | - | H | |
| fo fa (lid) | f | - | f | - | H | |
| pho phan (tray) | ph | p | pʰ | p | L | |
| fo fan (teeth) | f | p | f | p | L | |
| pho sam-phao (sailboat) | ph | p | pʰ | p | L | |
| mo ma (horse) | m | m | m | m | L | |
| yo yak (ogre) | y | y | j | j | L | |
| ro ruea (boat) | r | n | r | n | L | |
| ro rue (short) * | rue | - | rɯ | - | - | |
| ro rue (long) * | rue | - | rɯː | - | - | |
| lo ling (monkey) | l | n | l | n | L | |
| lo lue (short) * | lue | - | lɯ | - | - | |
| lo lue (long) * | lue | - | lɯː | - | - | |
| wo waen (ring) | w | w | w | w | L | |
| so sala (pavilion) | s | t | s | t | H | |
| so rue-si (hermit) | s | t | s | t | H | |
| so suea (tiger) | s | t | s | t | H | |
| ho hip (chest) | h | - | h | - | H | |
| lo chu-la (kite) | l | n | l | n | L | |
| o ang (basin) | ** | - | ʔ | - | M | |
| ho nok-huk (owl) | h | - | h | - | L | |
| Symbol | Name | IPA | Royal | Variants | Sound |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| implied a | a | a | u | u in "nut" | |
| implied o | o | o | oa in "boat" | ||
| ro han * | ɑ | a | u | u in "nut" | |
| wo waen * | ua | ua | uar | ewe in "newer" | |
| sara uai | uɛj | uai | uay | uoy in "buoy" | |
| sara o | ɔː | o | or, aw | aw in "saw" | |
| sara oi | ɔːj | oi | oy | oy in "boy" | |
| sara a | aʔ | a | u | u in "nut" | |
| mai han-akat | ɑ | a | u | u in "nut" | |
| sara ai | ɑj | ai | i in "hi" | ||
| sara ua | ua | ua | ewe in "newer" | ||
| sara ua | uaʔ | ua | ewe in "sewer" | ||
| sara a | aː | a | ah, ar, aa | a in "father" | |
| sara ai | aːj | ai | aai, aay, ay | ye in "bye" | |
| sara ao | aːw | ao | au | ow in "now" | |
| sara am | ɑm | am | um | um in "sum" | |
| sara i | i | i | y in "greedy" | ||
| sara io | iw | io | ew | ew in "new" | |
| sara i | iː | i | ee, ii, y | ee in "see" | |
| sara ue | ɯ | ue | eu, u, uh | u in French "du" (short) | |
| sara ue | ɯː | ue | eu, u | u in French "dur" (long) | |
| sara u | u | u | oo | oo in "look" | |
| sara u | uː | u | oo, uu | ue in "sue" | |
| sara e | eː | e | ay, a, ae, ai | a in "lame" | |
| sara e | e | e | e in "neck" | ||
| sara e | eʔ | e | eh | e in "neck" | |
| sara oei | ɤːj | oei | oey | u in "burn" + y in "boy" | |
| sara oe | ɤː | oe | er, eu, ur | u in "burn" | |
| sara oe | ɤʔ | oe | eu | e in "the" | |
| sara oe | ɤ | oe | eu, u | e in "the" | |
| sara eo | eːw | eo | eu, ew | ai + ow in "rainbow" | |
| sara ao | aw | ao | aw, ow | ow in "cow" | |
| sara o | ɔʔ | o | orh, oh, or | o in "not" | |
| sara ia | iːa | ia | ear, ere, ie | ea in "ear" | |
| sara ia | iaʔ | ia | iah, ear, ie | ea in "ear" with glottal stop |
|
| sara iao | io | iao | eaw, iew, iow | io in "trio" | |
| sara uea | ɯːa | uea | eua, ua, ue | ure in "pure" | |
| sara uea | ɯaʔ | uea | eua, ua | ure in "pure" | |
| sara ae | ɛː | ae | a | a in "ham" | |
| sara ae | ɛʔ | ae | aeh, a | a in "at" | |
| sara ae | ɛ | ae | aeh, a | a in "at" | |
| sara aeo | ɛːw | aeo | aew, eo | a in "ham" + ow in "low" | |
| sara o | oː | o | or, oh | o in "go" | |
| sara o | oʔ | o | oh | o in "poke" | |
| sara ai mai muan | ɑj | ai | ay, y | i in "I" | |
| sara ai mai malai | ɑj | ai | ay, y | i in "I" |
| Symbol | Name | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| mai ek | first tone mark | |
| mai tho | second tone mark | |
| mai tri | third tone mark | |
| mai chattawa | fourth tone mark | |
| mai taikhu | shortens vowel | |
| thanthakhat, mai karan | indicates silent letter |
| Symbol | Name | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| paiyaan noi | preceding word is abbreviated | |
| paiyaan yai | etc. | |
| mai yamok | preceding word or phrase is repeated |